Trust-based communication in psychological counceling – the «level of presence» analysis in the concept of J. Beaudgental

Problems related to trust and trust communication have long been in the field of view of various Sciences, primarily psychology and pedagogy. At the same time, the modern meaning of this concept has expanded: trust is not only understood as a form of communication with its own kind («I» – «other»), but also in relation to oneself. The analysis of the classification of levels of interaction between the psychotherapist and the patient, which Beaudgenthal calls «levels of presence» and concrete examples of how different levels during the conversation can activate different levels of awareness of both participants in the process, gives grounds to assert, that confidential communication is a synthesis of intellectual and behavioral functions of a person, and its principles work on similar algorithms both in psychological counseling and in other areas, for example, in pedagogy or so-called «Eastern practices». The study of problems related to trust communication is a challenge for the researcher, stimulating the search for new, hitherto undeveloped methods of analysis, and also involves the openness of the scientist to synergy with the algorithms of work existing in art or in the so-called «Eastern practices», which sometimes have no direct relation to rational knowledge. However, the assimilation and processing of the experience of the Eastern teachings from the point of view of the «Western» rational science could shed light on some of the mysteries of the functioning of the human mind. Finding points of intersection and developing appropriate models of not just comparative but «synergistic »research seems to be one of the first steps to move towards the convergence of the «Eastern and Western» branch of scientific knowledge. Beaudgental introduced an extremely important, in our view, concept of «presence», especially relevant in the context of counselling in the case when the objective is not so much psycho-correction as inner growth and self-development. Despite the fact that the description of the phenomenon of «expansion of internal vision»(attention, presence) given by Beaudgental or awareness (which, according to him, at certain moments «does not need words»), are still difficult to formalize and verify by the methods available to modern science, it can be argued with certainty that the concepts of «awareness» and «presence», introduced by Beaudgental, undoubtedly are the cornerstone of the reproduction process of confidential communication in psychological counseling, without which any positive changes in the life cycle of a person in need of such assistance will be very conditional.

1. Petrovsky A. V. Psikhologiya neadaptivnoi aktivnosti [Psychology maladaptive activity]. Moscow: Gorbunok LLP Publ, 1992, 224 p. (in Russ)

2. Petrovsky V. A. «Ya» v personologicheskoi perspektive [«I «in personological perspective]. Moscow, HSE Publ, 2013, 502 p. (in Russ)

3. Gozman L. Y. Psikhologiya emotsional’nykh otnoshenii [Psychology of emotional relations]. Moscow: Moscow University Publ, 1987, 175 p. (in Rus)

4. Andreeva G. M. Sotsial’naya psikhologiya [Social psychology]. Moscow: Moscow University Publ, 1980, 417 p. (in Russ)

5. Rodgers K. Vzglyad na psikhoterapiyu. Stanovlenie cheloveka [Perspective on psychotherapy. The development of man]. Moscow: Progress Publ, 1994, 480 p.

6. Bugental John. Iskusstvo psikhoterapevta [Art of psychotherapist]. Sankt-Petersburg: Peter Publ, 2001, 304 p. (in Russ)

7. Berne E. Transaktsionnyi analiz v psikhoterapii [Transactional analysis in psychotherapy]. Moscow: E Publ, 2017, 366 p. (in Russ)

8. Avtandilyan E. A. Formirovanie sovremennykh obrazovatel’nykh modelei i printsipy obucheniya v tvorchestve Ya. A. Komenskogo. [Formation of modern educational models and principles of education in the works Of Y. A. Komensky]. Professional'noe obrazovanie v sovremennom mire = Professional education in the modern world, 2018, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1868–1875. (in Russ)

9. Eric Bern. Igry, v kotorye igrayut lyudi. Lyudi, kotorye igrayut v igry [Games that people play. People who play games]. Moscow, 2015. (in Russ)

10. Stewart I., Jones V. Sovremennyi tranzaktnyi analiz [Modern transactional analysis]. St. Petersburg, Methanoia Publ, 2017. Р. 444. (in Russ)

11. Bugental John. Nauka byt’ zhivym: Dialogi mezhdu terapevtom i patsientami v gumanisticheskoi terapii [The Science of being alive: Dialogues between therapist and patients in humanistic therapy]. Moscow: Class Publ, 1998, 336 p. (in Russ)

12. Zinchenko V. P. Posokh Mandel’shtama i trubka Mamardashvili [Staff Mandelstam and tube Mamardashvili]. Moscow: New school Publ, 1997, 336 p.

13. Ilyin E. P. Psikhologiya doveriya [Trust psychology]. Sankt-Petersburg: Peter Publ, 2013, 288 p.

14. Skripkina T. P. Psikhologiya doveriya [Psychology of trust]. Moscow: Academy Publ, 2000, 264 p. (in Russ)

15. Bugental, J. F. T. & Bugental, E. K. (1984). A fate worse than death: the fear of changing. Psychotherapy, 21, p. 4. 543–549. (in Eng)

16. Bugental, J. F. T. Seek a wild god. AHP Perspective.1980, March, pp. 8–16.

17. Bugental, J. F. T. Talking: the fundamentals of humanistic professional communication. Santa Rosa, CA: Author. 1980 (in Eng)

18. New Philosopher. Issue. 22, November 2018-January 2019. - 130 p. (in Eng)