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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">profed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Профессиональное образование в современном мире</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Professional education in the modern world</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2224-1841</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSEP “Publisher SB RAS”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15372/PEMW20190322</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">profed-607</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вклад эвристических умозаключений в метакогнитивный мониторинг решения тестов знания школьниками</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Contribution of heuristic inference to metacognitive monitoring of the solution of tests of knowledge by high school student</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фомин Андрей Евгеньевич – кандидат психологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры психологии развития и образования, Российская Федерация, 248023, г. Калуга, ул. Ст. Разина, д. 22, кв. 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey E. Fomin – Candidate of psychological sciences, As an assistant Professor, Assistant professor of the Chair of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Russian Federation, 248023, Kaluga, St. Razin str., 22/48; tel.: (4842) 57‑80‑38</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fomin72-72@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Калужский государственный университет им. К. Э. Циолковского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tsiolkovskу Kaluga State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>3103</fpage><lpage>3111</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фомин А.Е., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фомин А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fomin A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://profed.edubiotech.ru/jour/article/view/607">https://profed.edubiotech.ru/jour/article/view/607</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены результаты теоретического и эмпирического исследования факторов метакогнитивного мониторинга решения тестов знания учащимися средней школы. Раскрыто понятие метакогнитивного мониторинга и его роль в структуре познавательной активности человека. Основным методом исследования метакогнитивного мониторинга является парадигма калибровки (реализма) уверенности. Парадигма калибровки реализуется в соотнесении метакогнитивных суждений и объективной успешности решения задачи. Проанализированы эмпирические исследования, в которых изучена взаимосвязь между точностью метакогнитивных суждений и академической успешностью. Учащиеся, которые более точно оценивают собственные знания и академические умения, демонстрируют более высокие учебные достижения. Учащиеся, которые чрезмерно уверены в своей компетентности, учатся существенно хуже своих сверстников. Рассмотрена проблема психологических механизмов метакогнитивного мониторинга решения учебных задач. В когнитивной психологии существуют две гипотезы, объясняющие сущность метакогнитивного мониторинга. Гипотеза непосредственного доступа к когнитивной активности подразумевает, что учащийся имеет прямой доступ к своему познанию. Другой подход заключается в том, что учащийся производит мониторинг на основе косвенных признаков решения (например, доступности ответов при выполнении теста). В этом случае построение метакогнитивных суждений является результатом эвристической обработки. Эмпирически показано, что суждения уверенности зависят от доступности извлечения тестовых заданий в памяти. Гипотеза непосредственного доступа к содержанию памяти не получила подтверждения. Эти данные позволяют сделать вывод о причинах метакогнитивных иллюзий в учении и возможных рисках академической неуспеваемости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Results of a theoretical and empirical research of factors of metacognitive monitoring of the solution of tests of knowledge by pupils of high school are presented in article. The concept of metacognitive monitoring and its role of structure of cognitive activity of the person is opened. The main method of a research of metacognitive monitoring is the paradigm of calibration (realism) of confidence. The paradigm of calibration is implemented in correlation of metacognitive judgments and objective success of the solution of a task. Empirical researches in which the interrelation between the accuracy of metacognitive judgments and the academic success is studied are analyzed. Pupils who estimate own knowledge and the academic abilities more precisely show higher educational achievements. Pupils who are excessively sure of the competence study significantly worse than the peers. The problem of psychological mechanisms of metacognitive monitoring of the solution of educational tasks is considered. In cognitive psychology there are two hypotheses explaining essence of metacognitive monitoring. The hypothesis of direct access to cognitive activity means that the pupil has direct access to the knowledge. Other approach is that the pupil makes monitoring on the basis of indirect signs of the solution (for example, availability of answers at execution of the test). In this case creation of metacognitive judgments is result of heuristic processing. It is empirically shown that judgments of confidence depend on availability of extraction of test tasks in memory. The hypothesis of direct access to the content of memory did not receive confirmation. These data allow to draw a conclusion on the reasons of metacognitive illusions in the doctrine and possible risks of the academic poor progress.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метакогнитивный мониторинг</kwd><kwd>сверхуверенность</kwd><kwd>эвристические умозаключения</kwd><kwd>доступность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metacognitive monitoring</kwd><kwd>overconfidence</kwd><kwd>heuristic inference</kwd><kwd>availability</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hacker D. J., Bol L., Keener M. C. Metacognition in education: A focus on calibration // Handbook of metamemory and memory / ed. J. Dunlosky, R. A. Bjork. N. Y.: Psychology Press, 2008. P. 429–455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hacker D. J., Bol L., Keener M. C. Metacognition in education: A focus on calibration // Handbook of metamemory and memory / ed. 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